Characteristically for the phylum Basidiomycota, Amanita muscaria reproduces both sexually and asexually through basidiospores, which are produced by cells called basidia located on the gills.
Life Cycle:
The diagram shows the life cycle of a member, such as Amanita muscaria, of Basidiomycota. In meiosis, or germination, spores with two different mating types are produced.
Life Cycle:
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| Source: mb0804mycology.wordpress.com |
Asexual Reproduction:
In asexual reproduction, shown on the left part of the diagram above, spores produced by basidia are dispersed and develop into hyphae, mycelium, and then mature fruiting bodies without fertilization with other spores of different mating types. And at one point, new spores are produced.
Sexual Reproduction:
The above diagram shows a closer look at the sexual reproduction of organisms in basidiomycota. In this reproduction, there are three main phases: meiosis, hypae fuse, and fertilization.
First, newly fertilized zygotes undergo meiosis and produce basidiospores with haploid number of chromosomes, which, once dispersed, are called the primary mycelium. As the haploid basidiospores keep increasing through mitosis, the basidiospores from two mating types meet at one point and undergo hyphal fusion. In hyphal fusion, also known as plasogamy, the cytoplasm of the two mating types of basidiospores fuse together into what is now called the seconday mycelium, while the nuclei remain separated, becoming dikaryotic (having two nuclei). While the nuclei from the two different mating types remain separated, the secondary mycelium develops into a new fruiting body through mitosis. When the fruiting body becomes mature, the nuclei from the two different mating types fuse together, which is called fertilization or karyogamy, forming diploid cells. Shortly after fertilization, the zygotes undergo meiosis and start all over again. This cycle is also called the alternation of generation.
Photo Source:http://bioweb.uwlax.edu/bio203/s2009/christia_eri2/Reproduction.htm
The diagram above reveals the relative amount of time Amanita muscaria spends in each state. It spends most of its time being dikaryon and spends the least time being diploid.
In addition, most mushrooms produce an enormous number of spores in order to maximize the chance of fertilization.
In addition, most mushrooms produce an enormous number of spores in order to maximize the chance of fertilization.
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